Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) and COVID-19 have sparked public health concerns, but they are distinct viruses with unique characteristics. Unfortunately, myths and misinformation about HMPV abound, leading to confusion about its nature and relation to COVID-19. This article addresses and debunks nine common myths about HMPV.
What is HMPV?
Human Metapneumovirus is a respiratory virus discovered in 2001. It belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family, similar to the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). HMPV primarily affects the respiratory tract and is most prevalent in children, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals.
Myth 1: HMPV is a Variant of COVID-19
Fact: HMPV and COVID-19 are caused by completely different viruses. HMPV is part of the Paramyxoviridae family, while COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus from the Coronaviridae family. Although both can lead to respiratory symptoms, they are unrelated.
Myth 2: HMPV Only Affects Children
Fact: While children are more susceptible to HMPV, it can also affect adults, particularly those with weakened immune systems or chronic conditions. Older adults are at a higher risk of severe symptoms.
Myth 3: HMPV Symptoms Are Identical to COVID-19
Fact: HMPV symptoms include cough, fever, nasal congestion, and difficulty breathing, which overlap with COVID-19 symptoms. However, HMPV does not typically cause the loss of taste or smell, a hallmark symptom of COVID-19.
Myth 4: There Is a Vaccine for HMPV
Fact: Unlike COVID-19, which has multiple vaccines, there is currently no approved vaccine for HMPV. Preventive measures such as good hygiene, wearing masks in crowded places, and avoiding close contact with infected individuals are the best defenses.
Myth 5: HMPV Is as Contagious as COVID-19
Fact: HMPV is contagious but less so than COVID-19. It spreads through respiratory droplets, direct contact, and contaminated surfaces, similar to other respiratory viruses. Its lower transmissibility reduces the risk of widespread outbreaks.
Myth 6: Testing for HMPV and COVID-19 Is the Same
Fact: Testing methods differ for HMPV and COVID-19. HMPV is typically diagnosed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests or direct antigen detection, specifically targeting HMPV. COVID-19 tests are designed to detect SARS-CoV-2.
Myth 7: HMPV Causes Long-Term Complications Like Long COVID
Fact: HMPV generally does not lead to long-term complications in otherwise healthy individuals. However, severe cases may cause prolonged respiratory issues in high-risk groups, unlike COVID-19, which can result in “Long COVID.”
Myth 8: HMPV Is a New Virus
Fact: Although HMPV was identified relatively recently in 2001, it has likely been circulating among humans for decades. Advances in virology allowed scientists to pinpoint its existence.
Myth 9: Antibiotics Can Treat HMPV
Fact: HMPV is a viral infection, and antibiotics are ineffective against viruses. Treatment focuses on symptom management, such as fever reducers, hydration, and, in severe cases, hospitalization for respiratory support.
Key Differences Between HMPV and COVID-19
| Feature | HMPV | COVID-19 |
|---|---|---|
| Virus Family | Paramyxoviridae | Coronaviridae |
| Symptoms | Respiratory symptoms | Respiratory + systemic |
| Vaccine Availability | None | Multiple vaccines |
| Long-Term Effects | Rare | Possible (Long COVID) |
| Contagiousness | Moderate | High |
Conclusion
Understanding the differences between HMPV and COVID-19 is essential to debunking myths and reducing misinformation. HMPV is not the same as COVID-19, and conflating the two can lead to unnecessary panic or neglect of appropriate prevention and treatment measures. By staying informed, we can approach both health challenges with clarity and confidence.